P ERSONALIZED T EACHING P LAN T OPIC : Nursing Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System
Compare and Contrast: Acute Kidney Injury vs. Chronic Kidney Disease
D IRECTIONS
Divide students into pairs.
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• Have students create a table of characteristics associated with both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Each table should include a section for the following: o Signs and symptoms o Etiology o Diagnostic testing o Treatment • An example table with suggested answers is provided below.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Acute onset of renal disease, which results in oliguria and/or excessive diuresis, azotemia, and fluid and electrolyte changes due to inability of the kidneys to function. Condition is considered to be reversible with no residual damage if treated promptly. Can arise from prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal causes.
Chronic progressive renal failure that becomes irreversible in nature, requiring dialysis and/or transplantation because the renal system can no longer function. Profound fluid and electrolyte changes occur as uremia continues to increase. Typically occurs in combination with other comorbidities, such as diabetes and hypertension.
Signs and Symptoms
Etiology
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels, electrolytes, complete blood count with differential for anemia and/or infection; urinalysis; ABG for acid – base imbalances
Diagnostic Testing
Usually reversible if addressed early; treat underlying cause; continuous renal replacement therapy may be needed on a short-term basis.
Long-term dialysis; kidney transplant.
Treatment
T IPS Providing a visual depiction of facts helps students identify concepts that are necessary for the care and management of patients who have been diagnosed with kidney disease.
© 2023. Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7 th Edition , F.A. Davis Company.
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