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Chapter 8: Respiratory System
In children, COVID-19 can affect other body systems instead of the respiratory system. In rare cases, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome causes persistent fever, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, organ dysfunction and damage, and abdominal distention. Some children present with symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease, an illness that causes swelling or aneurysms of the coronary arteries, rash, conjunctivitis, and swollen hands.
Abnormal crackly lung sound—like the sound of Rice Krispies—heard with a stethoscope, caused by air passing over retained secretions or by the sudden opening of collapsed airways. Acute viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking, “seal-like” cough and respiratory distress. Fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and COPD in children.
crackles (KRA˘-kuls)
croup (croop)
cystic fibrosis (CF) (S˘IS-t˘ık fˉı-BROˉ -s˘ıs)
Condition in which the nasal septum is displaced to the side, causing the two nares (nasal passages) to be unequal. The displacement can cause difficulty breathing, recurrent respiratory infections, and snoring.
deviated septum (DEˉ-vˉe-ˉa-t˘ed SE˘P-tu˘m)
Disorder marked by abnormal increase in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole and irreversible destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in loss of normal elasticity and progressive dyspnea. Collection of infected fluid (pus) between the two pleural membranes that line the lungs. Episode of bleeding from the nose; commonly known as a nosebleed. Most common causes are dry air, trauma, infection, medications, and chemical inhalation.
emphysema (˘em-f˘ı -SEˉ-m˘a)
empyema (˘em-pˉı -Eˉ-m˘a)
epistaxis (˘ep-˘ı -STA˘K-s˘ıs)
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
hemoptysis (hˉe-MO˘P-t˘ı -s˘ıs)
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