237
Pathologies
The group of progressive lung diseases that exhibit increased resistance to air movement, prolongation of the expiratory phase of respiration, and loss of lung elasticity. The chronic obstructive lung diseases include emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and asthmatic bronchitis. COPDs are potentially fatal.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (KRO˘N-˘ık o˘b-STRU˘K-t˘ıv PU˘L-moˉ-n˘e-rˉe d˘ı-ZEˉ Z)
Alveoli in emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Shrunken alveoli known as atelectasis in chronic bronchitis
Normal alveoli
Distended, nonrecoiling alveoli of emphysema
Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of coal dust; often called black lung or anthracosis .
coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) (KOˉ L WER-kerz noo-moˉ-koˉ-nˉe-Oˉ -s˘ıs)
Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa; the common cold.
coryza (ko˘-RˉI -z˘a)
COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The name COVID-19 is an acronym: Co for corona, so called because the virus’s spikes give it the look of a crown or halo shape Vi for virus, a small pathogen that cannot reproduce by itself; it needs a “host” to replicate D for disease, the ability to make us sick and cause symptoms 19 for the year it was discovered, 2019 Once SARS-CoV-2 enters the respiratory tract, it begins replicating in the alveoli. The virus continues to replicate and enter the bloodstream, where it can increase capillary permeability. The increased permeability allows plasma out of the bloodstream, which lowers blood volume. The low blood volume causes a decrease in blood pressure and a decrease in blood flow to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. Fever, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, and fatigue are common symptoms of COVID-19. Because it is highly contagious, wearing masks, frequent handwashing, and social distancing are recommended to stop the spread of the virus.
COVID-19
Continued
Powered by FlippingBook