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UNIT II ■ Community Health Across Populations: Public Health Issues
▼ CASE STUDY The Case of Cincinnati COOKS! Learning Outcomes By the end of this case study, the student will be able to: • Draft a program that builds social capital. • Discuss the relationship between SDOH and social capital. • Recommend strategies to market your program from a social equity perspective. Cincinnati COOKS! is a program based in Cincin- nati, Ohio (United States), that provides culinary job training for under- and unemployed persons. 62 The program lasts 10 weeks and addresses topics such as food safety, inventory, and storage; basic nutrition; and knife skills. During the program, participants not State and Local Public Health Organizations At the state and local level, public health departments include underrepresented groups’ health as part of their mission, and they are often the organizations that im- plement evidence-based programs aimed at reducing disparity and promoting health equity, as evidenced by the CDC’s Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) program. 61 The REACH program also funds tribes, universities, and community-based or- ganizations to develop and implement health programs aimed at reducing health disparities. Funded programs have addressed a wide range of health issues, including improving physical activity, increasing access to healthy foods, and increasing breastfeeding. ■ Summary Points • Health disparities and the SDOH intersect to impact a person’s overall health and well-being. • Health disparities disproportionately affect members of racial, ethnic, underrepresented, underserved, and vulnerable groups and affect the overall health of the United States. • Many factors, including poverty, access to care, cul- tural barriers, and education, play a role in increasing the vulnerability of certain populations. • Social capital and social justice are key drivers along- side SDOH that influence the health potential of populations. • Nurses must prepare themselves to advocate for those who are at higher risk for poor health outcomes be- cause of challenges in their SDOH.
REFERENCES 1. World Health Organization. (2022). Child mortality and causes of death. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics /topic-details/GHO/child-mortality-and-causes-of-death 2. World Health Organization. (2022, January 18). Infant mortal- ity rate (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators /indicator-details/GHO/infant-mortality-rate-(probability-of -dying-between-birth-and-age-1-per-1000-live-births) 3. CDC WONDER. (n.d.). Linked birth/infant death records, 2007–2019 request. https://wonder.cdc.gov/lbd-current.html 4. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2022, February 6). Disparities. https://www.healthypeople. gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities Reaching target participants for a program requires attention to the perceived needs of a population. Re- cruitment activities and materials should be developed and implemented in a manner that demonstrates re- spect to the target participants. Participants need to retain their autonomy and dignity before, during, and after participation. 1. Develop a program flyer or brochure including words and images to encourage participation that incorporates the constructs of autonomy, respect, and dignity. only learn the necessary skills to work in a restau- rant kitchen, but they also prepare meals for catering events and school-age children to take home after school to address the problem of food insecurity. Since 2001, over 1,500 adults have completed the program. As you may imagine, the program has made a profound impact on SDOH for both the program participants and the children receiving the after-school meals. After reviewing the SDOH, move into your teams or small groups to discuss the following questions: 1. How are SDOH for the adult participants of Cin- cinnati COOKS! potentially influenced by the program? 2. How are SDOH for the schoolchildren potentially influenced by the Cincinnati COOKS! program? Now consider a program of your design that has the potential to address SDOH, social capital, and so- cial justice. 1. What is the purpose of your program? 2. Who are the target participants for your program? 3. How will your program potentially address SDOH, social capital, and social justice? 4. What is the name of your program?
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