P ERSONALIZED T EACHING P LAN T OPIC : Basic Pathophysiology of Renal Disorders
Interpretation: Explaining Lab Values D IRECTIONS • Divide students into pairs or small groups. • Ask the students to complete the table provided on the student handout. • Students should interpret the urinalysis results, indicating what the result means and associated conditions. • A student handout is provided and answers are shown below.
Finding
Meaning
Elevated glucose in urine Diabetes mellitus
Glucosuria
Blood in urine Kidney stone Infection
Hematuria
Ketones formation, most commonly occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus Enzyme produced by leukoctyes; high levels indicate infection Produced by some infectious bacteria; presence of UTI Produced by breakdown of RBCs, specifically hemoglobin, by the liver; normally not present in urine
Ketonuria
Leukocyte esterase
Nitrites
Bilirubin
Lower than normal pH
May be occur in acidosis, metabolic, or respiratory
Elevated specific gravity
Increased concentration of urine
Formed in intestines from bilirubin (due to RBC breakdown in liver), normally reabsorbed into the blood stream
Urobilinogen
Bacteriuria
Bacterial infection in GI tract
Depends on the formation of the cast RBC casts indicate glomerular damage WBC casts indicate infection
Urinary casts
Proteinuria
High levels may indicate dysfunction of kidney filtration barrier
T IPS Ask students to take note of the number of conditions and systems that a “simple” urinalysis can detect and monitor.
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