▪ The use of manikins to represent a patient using heart and lung sounds, palpable pulses, voice interaction, movement (e.g., seizures, eye blinking), bleeding, and other human capabilities that may be controlled by a simulationist using computers and software. ▪ The life-like aspects of people and situations generated by a manikin. ▪ A life-sized human like simulator representing a patient for health care simulation and education (Palaganas, Maxworthy, Epps, & Mancini, 2015). ▪ Full or partial body representation of a patient for practice. ▪ Full or partial body simulators that can have varying levels of physiologic function and fidelity. ▪ A device designed to train in just the key elements of the procedure or skill being learned, such as lumbar puncture, chest tube insertion, central line insertion or part of a total system, for example, ECG simulator (Center for Immersive and Simulation Based Learning [CISL] & Levine et al). ▪ A model that represents a part or region of the human body such as an arm, or an abdomen. Such devices may use mechanical or electronic interfaces to teach and give feedback on manual skills such as IV insertion, ultrasound scanning, suturing, etc. Generally used to support procedural skills training; however they can be used in conjunction with other learning technologies to create integrated clinical situations (Australian Society for Simulation in Healthcare). ▪ The union of two or more modalities of simulation with the aim of providing a more realistic experience. ▪ In health care simulation, hybrid simulation is most commonly applied to the situation where a part task trainer (e.g., a urinary catheter model) is realistically affixed to a standardized/simulated patient, allowing for the teaching and assessment of technical and communication skills in an integrated fashion (Kneebone, Kidd et al. , 2002). ▪ The use of two or more simulation modalities in the same simulation activity (Zulkepli et al, 2012). ▪ The use of a variety of different simulation modalities; this is differentiated from hybrid simulation in that it is not characterized by the combining of one type of simulation to enhance another, but rather the use of multiple types of simulation in the same scenario or place. For example, a standardized patient (SP) and a mannequin are used in a scenario or a task trainer paired with an SP for venipuncture, etc. (SSH). ▪ Simulations that use a variety of immersive, highly visual, 3D characteristics to replicate real-life situations and/or health care procedures; virtual reality simulation is distinguished from computer-based simulation in that it generally incorporates physical or other interfaces such as a computer keyboard, a mouse, speech and voice recognition, motion sensors, or haptic devices (ASSH).
Manikin Based Simulations
Manikin
Task Trainer Or Part-task Trainer
Hybrid Simulations
Mixed Methods Simulations
Virtual Reality Simulations
25
Powered by FlippingBook