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Chapter 24 Coordinating Care for Patients With Infectious Respiratory Disorders
Table 24.4 CDC Isolation Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
Recommendation
General Principles
In addition to standard precautions, use transmission-based precautions for patients with doc- umented or suspected infection or colonization with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions are needed to prevent transmission.
Contact Precautions Patient placement
In acute care hospitals, place patients who require contact precautions in a single-patient room when available. When single-patient rooms are in short supply: l Prioritize patients with conditions that may facilitate transmission (e.g., uncontained drainage, stool incontinence) for single-patient room placement. l Place together in the same room (cohort) patients who are infected or colonized with the same pathogen and are suitable roommates. Gloves, gowns Discontinue contact precautions after signs and symptoms of the infection have resolved or according to pathogen-specific recommendations. Use droplet precautions as recommended for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets (i.e., large-particle droplets >5 μ m in size) that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing, or talking. In acute care hospitals, place patients who require droplet precautions in a single-patient room when available. When single-patient rooms are in short supply: l Prioritize patients who have excessive cough and sputum production for single-patient room placement. l Place together in the same room (cohort) patients who are infected with the same pathogen and are suitable roommates. Don a mask before entering the patient room or cubicle If transport is necessary, instruct patient to wear a mask. No mask is required for persons transporting patients on droplet precautions. Discontinue droplet precautions after signs and symptoms have resolved or according to pathogen-specific recommendations. Use airborne precautions as recommended for patients known or suspected to be infected with infectious agents transmitted from person to person by the airborne route. In acute care hospitals and long-term care settings, place patients who require airborne precau- tions in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) that has direct exhaust of air to the outside or where the air is directed through high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Wear a fit-tested N95 or higher-level respirator for respiratory protection. If transport or movement outside an AIIR is necessary, instruct patients to wear a surgical mask. Discontinue airborne precautions according to pathogen-specific recommendations.
Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Droplet Precautions
Patient placement
Use of PPE
Airborne Precautions
Patient placement
Use of PPE
From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). Isolation precautions. https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/index. html#5
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